A pūtau utahe taputapu e huri ana i tētahi tohu papatipu hei putanga hiko e taea te ine. Ina whakamahia ana hepūtau uta, te taiao mahi tuturu o tepūtau uta me whai whakaaro tuatahi, he mea nui tēnei mō te whiriwhiri tika i tepūtau uta. E pā ana ki te mea mēnā ko tepūtau uta ka taea te mahi noa, tōna haumaru me te roa o te mahi, tae atu ki te pono me te haumaru o te taputapu pauna katoa.
Te pānga o te taiao ki tepūtau uta kei roto i te nuinga o ngā āhuatanga e whai ake nei:
(1) Ko te pāmahana teitei o te taiao ka puta ai ngā raruraru pēnei i te rewa o ngā rauemi paninga, te whakarewa tuwhera o ngā hononga whakarewa, me ngā huringa hanganga o te ahotea o roto o te elastomer. Mōpūtau utate mahi i roto i ngā taiao pāmahana teitei, pāmahana teiteipūtau utaHe maha ngā whakamahinga o ngā mea pēnei i te whakamahana, te whakamatao wai, te whakamatao hau rānei; me tāpiri atu hoki ngā taputapu pēnei i te whakamarumaru wera, te whakamatao wai, te whakamatao hau rānei.
(2) Te awe o te puehu me te haumākū ki te ara iahiko poto o tepūtau utaI roto i tēnei āhuatanga taiao, hepūtau uta me te teiteihau-pūmau me tīpako. He rerekēpūtau utahe rerekē ngā tikanga hiri, me ā rātouhau-pūmau he tino rerekē.
Ko ngā hiri noa ko te whakakī, te paninga rānei i ngā hiri; ka herea ā-mīhinitia, ka hiritia hoki ngā papa rapa; ka whakarewahia (ka whakarewa pewa hauota, ka whakarewa kurupae plasma) me ngā hiri whakakī hauota korehau.
Mai i te tirohanga o te pānga hiri, ko te hiri whakarewa te mea pai rawa atu, ā, ko te hiri whakakī me te paninga te mea tino rawakore.pūtau utamō ngā mea e mahi ana i roto i te taiao o roto ma, maroke hoki, ka taea e koe te whiriwhiri i tētahi mea kua hiritia ki te kāpiapūtau uta, ā, mō ētahipūtau utaMēnā he pai te mahi i roto i te taiao makuku me te puehu, me whiriwhiri e koe he hiri wera diaphragm, he hiri whakarewa diaphragm rānei, he papu korehau kua whakakiia ki te hauotapūtau uta.
(3) I roto i tētahi taiao tino waikura, pērā i te makuku me te waikawa, ka kino ai te elastomer, ka puta rānei he ara iahiko poto, me rehu nui rawa te mata o waho, me whakakī rāneikua hipokina kihe kowiri tira, he ātete pai ki te waikura, ā, he pai hokite ātete hau.
(4) Te awe o te mara hikohiko kiloapūtau-d tohu putanga raruraru. I tēnei wā, ko te parenga o teloapūtau-d me tino tirotirohia kia kite mēnā he pai te ātete hikohiko.
(5) Ehara i te mea ka pakaru katoa te pūnaha i ngā mea mura me ngā mea pahūpūtau uta, engari he tūponotanga nui hoki ki ētahi atu taputapu me te haumaru whaiaro. Nō reira,pūtau utaKo te mahi i roto i ngā taiao mura me te pahū ka whakatakoto i ngā whakaritenga teitei ake mō te mahi ātete-pahū: ātete-pahūpūtau utame whiriwhiri i roto i ngā taiao mura me ngā taiao pahū. Ko te uhi hiri o tēneipūtau uta kaua e whakaarohia anake ōnate ātete hau, engari me whai whakaaro anō hoki ki te kaha ātete-pahū, me ngā āhuatanga ā-wai, ātete-makuku me te ātete-pahū o ngā taura.
Tuarua, ko te whiriwhiri i te maha me te whānuitanga opūtau utas.
Te kōwhiringa o te maha o ngāpūtau utaKa whakatauhia a s i runga i te kaupapa o te taputapu pauna hiko me te maha o ngā pūwāhi e hiahiatia ana e te tinana pauna hei tautoko (me whakatau te maha o ngā pūwāhi tautoko i runga i te mātāpono o te hanga i te pokapū taumaha āhuahanga o te tinana pauna kia ōrite ki te pokapū taumaha tuturu). I te nuinga o te wā, he maha ngāpūtau utaKa whakamahia ngā s mō te tinana tauine me ētahi pūwāhi tautoko. Heoi, mō ētahi tinana tauine motuhake pērā i te tauine matau hiko, kotahi anakepūtau uta ka taea te whakamahi. Mō ētahihikohiko ngā tauine whakakotahi, te kōwhiringa o ngāpūtau uta me whakatau kia rite ki te āhua o te wā. tau.
Te kōwhiringa o tepūtau uta ka taea te whakatau i te whānuitanga i runga anō i te aromatawai whānui o ngā āhuatanga pēnei i te uara pauna mōrahi o te pauna, te maha o ngā mea kua tīpakohiapūtau utas, te taumaha-ake o te tinana tauine, te kawenga tauhou mōrahi me te kawenga hihiri. I te nuinga o te wā, ko te tata atu o te whānuitanga o tepūtau uta ki te kawenga kua tohaina ki iapūtau uta, ka tika ake tōna pauna. Heoi, i te whakamahinga tūturu, nā te mea ko te kawenga i pā ki tepūtau uta kei roto ko te taumaha-ake, te taumaha tare, te kawenga rerekē me te pānga wiri o te pauna me te mea hei paunatia, he maha ngā āhuatanga me whai whakaaro i te wā e whiriwhiri ana i tepūtau uta whānuitanga hei whakarite kiapūtau uta te haumaru me te roa o te ora.
Ko te tātai tatau o tepūtau uta Ka whakatauhia te awhe mā te maha o ngā whakamātautau i muri i te whakaaroaro katoa i ngā āhuatanga maha e pā ana ki te tinana unahi.
Ko te tātai e whai ake nei:
C=K-0K-1K-2K-3(Wmax+W)/N
C—te whānuitanga whakatauranga o te kotahipūtau utaW—te taumaha-ake o te tinana pauna; Wmax—te uara mōrahi o te taumaha kupenga o te mea e paunatia ana; N—te maha o ngā pūwāhi tautoko e whakamahia ana e te tinana tauine; K-0—te tauwehenga inihua, i waenga i te 1.2 me te 1.3; K-1—tauwehenga pānga; K-2—te tauwehenga taurite o te pokapū o te taumaha o te tinana tauine; K-3—tauwehenga pēhanga hau.
Hei tauira: he pauna taraka hiko 30t, ko te taumaha mōrahi ko 30t, ko te taumaha tinana o te pauna ko 1.9t, e whakamahi ana i ngā mea e whāpūtau utas, e ai ki te āhuatanga tūturu i taua wā, tīpakohia te tauwehenga inihua K-0=1.25, te tauwehenga pānga K-1=1.18, Ko te tauwehenga tauwehenga pokapū o te taumaha K-2—=1.03, ko te tauwehenga pēhanga hau K-3=1.02, ngana ki te whakatau i te taumaha o tepūtau uta.
Otinga: Tātaihia te tātai e ai ki tepūtau uta whānuitanga:
C=K-0K-1K-2K-3(Wmax+W)/N
E mōhiotia ana:
C=1.25×1.18×1.03×1.02×(30+1.9)/4
=12.36t
Nō reira, hepūtau uta me te whānuitanga o te 15t ka taea te whiriwhiri (te tana o tepūtau uta (ko te tikanga he 10T, 15T, 20t, 25t, 30t, 40t, 50t, me ētahi atu, ki te kore e tonoa motuhaketia).
E ai ki ngā wheako, ko tepūtau uta me mahi i roto i te 30% ki te 70% o tōna whānuitanga, engari mō ētahi taputapu pauna he nui te kaha pānga i te wā e whakamahia ana, pērā i te pauna reriwe hihiri, te pauna taraka hihiri, te pauna maitai, me ētahi atu, ina tīpakohiapūtau utas, Ko te tikanga, me whakawhānui ake tōna whānuitanga, kia taea ai e tepūtau uta e mahi ana i roto i te 20% ki te 30% o tōna whānuitanga, kia kore ai e nui te taumaha o tepūtau uta kia whakanuia ake ai te haumaru me te oranga o tepūtau uta.
Me whakaaro anō ki te whaihuatanga o ia momopūtau uta.
Te kōwhiringa o tepūtau uta Ko te momo e whakawhirinaki ana ki te momo pauna me te wāhi tāutanga kia tika ai te tāutanga me te pauna haumaru me te pono; i tetahi atu taha, me whai whakaaro ki ngā taunakitanga a te kaihanga. Ko te tikanga, ka tohua e ngā kaihanga te whānuitanga o te whakamahinga o tepūtau uta e ai ki te mana o tepūtau uta, ngā tohu mahi, te āhua tāutanga, te momo hanganga, me te rauemi elastomer. Hei tauira, te kurupae cantilever konumohepūtau utahe pai mō ngā pauna utu, ngā pauna tūāpapa, ngā pauna pouaka, me ētahi atu; he kurupae maitai Cantileverpūtau utahe pai mō ngā pauna pekepeke, ngā pauna whitiki hiko, ngā pauna whakarōpū, me ētahi atu; piriti maitaipūtau utahe pai mō ngā pauna reriwe, pauna taraka, pauna kerene, me ētahi atu; poupūtau utaHe pai ngā s mō ngā pauna taraka, ngā pauna reriwe hihiri, me ngā pauna hopara nui-tana. Taria.
Hei whakamutunga, he kōwhiringa kei reirapūtau uta akomanga tika.
Te taumata tika o tepūtau uta kei roto ko ngā tohu hangarau pēnei i tepūtau utate kore-raina, te ngoki, te whakaora ngoki, te hysteresis, te āheinga whakahoki, me te aro. I te wā e tīpako anapūtau utakaua e whai noa i ngā taumata teiteipūtau utas, engari whakaarohia te whakatutuki i ngā whakaritenga tika o ngā pauna hiko me tōna utu.
Te kōwhiringa o tepūtau uta Me tutuki i te akomanga ngā whakaritenga e rua e whai ake nei:
1. Whakatutuki i ngā whakaritenga o te whakaurunga taputapu. Ka whakaatuhia e te taputapu whakaatu pauna te hua pauna i muri i te tukatuka i te tohu putanga o tepūtau uta mā te whakanui me te tahuritanga A/D. Nō reira, ko te tohu putanga o tepūtau uta me nui ake, me ōrite rānei ki te rahi o te tohu tāuru e hiahiatia ana e te mita, arā, ko te aro o te putanga o tepūtau uta ka whakakapia e te tātai ōrite o tepūtau uta me te mita, ā, me nui ake, me ōrite rānei te hua tātaitanga ki te aro o te tāuru e hiahiatia ana e te mita.
Ko te tātai taurite opūtau uta me te mita:
Lpūtau oad te aro ki te putanga * te ngaohiko hiko whakaoho * te taumaha mōrahi o te pauna
Te maha o ngā wehenga o te tauine * te maha opūtau utas * te whānuitanga o tepūtau uta
Hei tauira: he tauine tākai rahinga e 25kg te taumaha, ko te maha o ngā wehenga he 1000TE toru ngā momo L-BE-25 e whakamahia ana e te tinana unahipūtau utas, ko te whānuitanga he 25kg, ko te aro he 2.0±0.008mV/V, te pēhanga ngaohiko o te piriti āwhata 12V. THe mita AD4325 te whakamahi i te tauine. Pātai atu mēnāpūtau uta ka taea te whakamahi hei taurite ki te mita.
Otinga: Whai muri i te kōrero, ko te aro o te tāuru o te mita AD4325 he 0.6μV/d, nō reira e ai ki te tātai taurite o tepūtau uta me te mita, ka taea te whiwhi i te tohu whakauru tuturu o te mita penei:
2×12×25/1000×3×25=8μV/d>0.6μv/d
Nō reira, ko tepūtau uta e tutuki ana i ngā whakaritenga o te aro o te taputapu whakauru, ā, ka taea te taurite ki te taputapu kua tīpakohia.
2. Kia tutuki ngā whakaritenga tika o te tauine hiko katoa. E toru ngā wāhanga matua o te tauine hiko: te tinana o te tauine,pūtau uta me te taputapu. I te wā e whiriwhiri ana i te tika o tepūtau uta, te tika o tepūtau uta me teitei ake i te uara tatau ariā, nā te mea he maha ngā wā ka herea te ariā e ngā āhuatanga whāinga, pērā i ngā pauna. He iti ake te kaha o te tinana, kāore i te tino pai te mahi a te taputapu, he kino te taiao mahi o te pauna, me ētahi atu āhuatanga tikapā ki te ngā whakaritenga tikao te tauine.
Wā tuku: 11 o Ākuhata 2022